Comments: Some of the forms are reduplicated, going back to a stem *č̣ič̣(ʷ)an-; cf. also Av. Chad. č̣uč̣ú-ji 'to gnaw'. From the stem *č̣am- cf. also Akhv. Tseg. č̣am-aq:e, Ratl. č̣am-u. The stem *=ič̣ʷVn- (ultimately going back to *=ič̣Vm-) and its reduced variant *č̣ʷVn- is reflected in Akhv. č̣on- ( = Tind. č̣un-iʎa 'to bite') and Tind. =ač̣ʷĩ-ʎa 'to gnaw'.
Finally, we should mention some nominal derivates: Av. č̣amč̣ám 'eating, meal', č̣andéro 'jaw' (cf. the frequentative č̣andé-ze 'to chew'), Av. Chad. č̣ánda 'jaw' and And. č̣amč̣al id.
Comments: The meaning 'mint' in Northern Akhv. (given by Magomedbekova) is probably incorrect; all other Akhv. dialects have for 'mint' reflexes of PA *ʔimHV or *HirmV (q.v.), and the MSU recording for 'mint' in Northern Akhv. is ʕẽmu. The informants probably had some other plant in mind.
Cf. also Cham. (U.-Gakv.) č̣awar 'burdock' (with a not quite clear -w-).
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tlan. č̣ʷaṭi, Ratl. č̣aṭi id. (all Akhv. dialects reflect a form with assimilation *-d- > -ṭ-; source of labialisation in Tlan. is not clear).
Comments: An expressive root (but with a perfect EC etymology). It seems probable that Akhv. čaq̇:u and Tind. č̣anq̇:u 'cartilage' are expressive modifications of the same root.
Comments: One of PA negative particles. In Av. it is used in the past tense (and as a general negative in the compound -he-č̣o); in Andian it is rather rare, but it is the most common negative particle in Botl., God., Bagv. and Kar.
Meaning:span (between the thumb and the fore-finger)
Chamalal:č̣ibil
Comments: The word is attested only in Cham., cf. also Cham. Gig. č̣iwul id. The correspondence U.-Gakv. -b- : Gig. -w- is very special (original *-b- is well preserved in Gig.), so it seems very probable that for PA we should reconstruct a combination like *-mH- (cf. the external evidence); PA *č̣imHil > Cham. *č̣ĩwil > *č̣iwil (with loss of nasalisation).
Comments: An expressive reduplicated stem, denoting both a butterfly and a small bird. The And. form is quoted from Khaidakov 1973 (who also lists a variant č̣imirč̣a). The Kar. form is from the Archo. dialect.
Comments: The Av. word is attested in the Russian-Avar dictionary; it is reduplicated, but otherwise phonologically regular. In Proto-Andian an assimilation (*ž- > č̣-) had occurred; note also the irregular preservation of labialised q̇ʷ (which should have passed into -ḳ- like in Av.), and the irregular nasalisation in Akhv. All these features must be explained by the expressive character of the root.oot.
Comments: Isolated in Akhv., but having probable external parallels (if the meaning 'flint' is secondary < 'stone like metal' < 'metal, lead' - cf. the external evidence).
Comments: The labial quality of the medial nasal is pointed by Tind. -ʁʷ-. The vowel -i- in Av. and And. is not quite clear. Cf. also Cham. Gig. č̣anʁa 'jackdaw, rook'.
